Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Communication in Rwanda

Please don't be alarmed if I say "I go" "you come" when I come back to Vancouver. It has been quite an experience trying to communicate in broken English. We are learning few words here and there but it would have definitely been helpful to have learned Kinyarawanda  and/or French. I have only lived in two countries (Nepal and Canada) and knew the languages fluently so I did not have any language barriers previously. Being in Rwanda has made me realize how important it is to learn the primary language of the country you are living in in order to fully understand the history, culture and really connect with the people. 

Learning some phrases and words has definitely been very useful especially when you're bargaining for moto prices because as soon as you say "nimeshi", they smile and sometimes decrease the price. More importantly, knowing some phrases and words has not only helped break the ice but also to let the people here know that I appreciate their culture and language. I feel that when you make that effort to speak or learn their language, the Rwandans appreciate the effort and usually smile or laugh (when we pronounce it wrong) to acknowledge it. 

Learning more Kinyarawanda would have helped for field work as well since it would have been easier to communicate with the mothers and inquire more about what they said in the surveys. (Sometimes, not knowing the language works to our advantage when people ask for money or "amafaranga" because we just shrug our shoulders and say "sorry, we no undestand"). Usually we communicate with the local university students in English and then they talk to the mothers if we have any questions or comments. However,this experience has been very enriching so far since we are able to communicate with the local university students. 

I was trying to find cilantro at the market but didn't see any. I had to call my friend who spoke Kinyarawanda to talk with the market vendors. This is only half of the picture because while this was happening, I was also getting a whole crowd of people at the market around me. 
It's very funny and interesting because the way we speak in English has changed quite a bit in order to make sure the people we speak English with understand. If we speak in the tone we speak in Vancouver, people no understand us ;) Here is how we've altered the way we speak so people understand us. 

1) Use simple words. 
2) Drop all the prepositions ( is, are, etc). So if you want to say, "we will meet you at 5", you would say, "we meet you at 5" or "I go" (I am going). Speaking this way makes the language way more simple and I feel like people understand you so much better for some reason. 
3) Change the accent and tone.
4) Speak S-L-O-W-L-Y!
5) We've not only been exposed to speaking with Rwandese but we have some Brazilian friends and we are picking up quite a bit of "proper English" as well -very problem (yes that is one we've picked up). [some others: mucho problem? you want? You take? Sure? You understand?]

It's pretty funny because even when I speak with my colleagues, I'm still talking like that. Please be patient with me when I come back. This language barrier has been a very interesting, fun and at times, a frustrating experience. I have not only been speaking in English, but I've been speaking some French, Kinyarawanda and Spanish (yay! 3 years of learning Spanish in high school has finally come into use.)

Monday, April 2, 2012

SPRINKLES!

Part of phase 3 for the Sprinkles Project finally happened this week after many weeks of delays. It is so exciting to see everything taking place after anticipating it for many weeks. Before I let you know what I’m doing, let me tell you a bit about the project.


What is Sprinkles?
Sprinkles is an “in-home fortification” micronutrient powder (MNP) which is an alternative method used to fight micronutrient deficiencies in many part of the world including Nepal, Kenya, Ghana, Haiti, Bangladesh, Philippines and Mongolia. Sprinkles is known as an effective treatment in preventing anaemia in young children between 6 and 24 months. It is not a “stand-alone intervention” but it is part of the infant and young child feeding practices which is recommended by the WHO in regions where the prevalence of anaemia is high and iron-fortified foods are not affordable or available.



Sprinkles does not just contain iron, but it also contains 15 other vitamins and minerals including Vitamin C, folic acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin D Zinc and others. It is stored in a small sachet (similar to sugar) and mothers are supposed to sprinkle it to the semi-solid foods of the babies. The packaging and the name of sprinkles is catered to each country. In Rwanda, it is called Ongera Intungamubiri and we haven’t seen the packaging yet!

Why Sprinkles in Rwanda?
Rwanda is very committed to reducing malnutrition and there are national efforts to “eliminate” malnutrition (Vision 2020 and NSEM). The nutritional status still remains poor especially among infants. The sprinkles project is aimed at contributing to government initiatives, targeting children between 6 months and 11 months, in order to reduce malnutrition with a focus on nutritional anaemia. The funding organizations for this project are UNICEF, CONCERN & WORLD VISION. 


~The Missing Ingredient~


Phase 1 involved formative work and identified the current knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices around infant and young child feeding practices in two different districts. They explored these topics in order to find out if Sprinkles would be a feasible option and to find out what kind of naming and packaging would be the most suitable for the Rwandan context.

Phase 2 was a pre-test to evaluate the acceptability of In-Home Fortification with MNP in 60 households in two districts and use the results of the trial to finalize the procedures for phase 3. 

Phase 3, or the current phase, involves the distribution of the MNPs and to test the effectiveness in the 4 districts (Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe, Musanze and Burera). The children in Nyaruguru and Musanze will be receiving the Sprinkles while the participants in Nyamagabe and Burera are comparison districts (or not getting Sprinkles. There is a baseline questionnaire and then another questionnaire again in 6 months to test the effectiveness of Sprinkles. In addition to the questionnaires (regarding hygiene and sanitation, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, mother's knowledge and attitude and household food security), anthropometric measurements (mid-upper-arm circumference, weight, length) and biochemical assessments (haemoglobin level) are also being taken. 

For measuring haemoglobin level 
Measuring the length of the baby...the toughest job when they're kicking and screaming. Sometimes you need 4 people to measure one baby!
MUAC measurement tapes
I just wanted to update you all. My internet usage has been fluctuating quite a bit because of field work and the internet is either too slow or non-existent. I'll have another blog post up soon about the work we're doing in the field.